This thesis investigates treatment technologies for human excreta for safe recycling of the plant nutrients present as fertilizers. The thesis consists of three papers, the first of which investigates incineration of faecal matter as a treatment and sanitation method using a locally fabricated incinerator made of steel sheets. The second and third papers investigate composting...Read More

Abstract Source separation and reuse of human urine decreases the environmental pollution of recipient waters and reduce the need for anthropogenic mineral fertilisers. At the same time the reuse of urine introduce another pathogen transmission route that needs to be managed. The inactivation of enteric pathogens and model organisms (Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterococcus faecalis., bacteriophages S....Read More

Abstract Incineration of faeces offers a treatment method that is useful in reducing the final quantities of faeces and toilet paper. It is also useful as a sanitation method for faeces. The aim of this work was to increase the knowledge about incineration as a treatment and sanitation method for faeces. The faecal matter used...Read More

Abstract As recognized in the EU Water Framework Directive and other policy documents, a priority action towards ensuring the sustainable use of water resources is the development of Decision Support Systems (DSS). The aim of DSS is to bring decision makers to a good level of understanding of problem situations and their own subjective values,...Read More

Abstract The history of towns and town planning in the most rapidly urbanizing parts of the world is still a relatively neglected topic, yet what can make history worth writing, and what can make some history worth reading is the understanding of all the multifarious ways in which the general stimulus is related to the...Read More